Monday, December 16, 2013

Ijen Crater Experience

Exploration of Nature or Human Exploitation

ijen-mountain-banyuwangiIjen volcano in East Java contains the world's largest acidic volcanic crater lake, called Kawah Ijen, famous for its turquoise color. The Ijen volcano complex at the eastern end of Java consists of a group of small stratovolcanoes constructed within the large 20-km-wide Ijen (Kendeng) caldera. The north caldera wall forms a prominent arcuate ridge, but elsewhere the caldera rim is buried by post-caldera volcanoes, including Gunung Merapi stratovolcano, which forms the 2799 m high point of the Ijen complex. The largest concentration of post-caldera cones forms an E-W-trending zone across the southern side of the caldera. Coffee plantations cover much of the Ijen caldera floor, and tourists are drawn to its waterfalls, hot springs, and dramatic volcanic scenery.  Immediately west of Gunung Merapi is the renowned historically active Kawah Ijen volcano, which contains a nearly 1-km-wide, turquoise-colored, acid crater lake. Picturesque Kawah Ijen is the world's largest highly acidic lake and is the site of a labor-intensive sulfur mining operation in which sulfur-laden baskets are hand-carried from the crater floor. Many other post-caldera cones and craters are located within the caldera or along its rim.

Eruption History

Eruptions from Ijen are very hazardous because of the risk of the lake draining to form catastrophic lahars.The active crater measuring 950x600 m is known for its rich sulphur deposits which are being quarried. The volcano is one of several active stratovolcanoes constructed over the 20 km wide Ijen caldera, the largest caldera in Java.

 

Blessing of Sulfure

An active vent at the edge of the lake is a source of elemental sulfur, and supports a mining operation. The lake is recognised as the largest highly acidic crater lake in the world, and since it is also a source for the river Banyupahit, resulting in highly acidic and metal-polluted water, it has a significant detrimental effect on the downstream river ecosystem. In 2008, explorer George Kourounis took a small rubber boat out onto the acid lake to measure its acidity. The pH of the water in the crater was measured to be 0.5 due to sulfuric acid. Escaping volcanic gasses are channeled through a network of ceramic pipes, resulting in condensation of molten sulfur. The sulfur, which is deep red in color when molten, pours slowly from the ends of these pipes and pools on the ground, turning bright yellow as it cools. Most miners make this journey twice a day.  A nearby sugar refinery pays the miners by the weight of sulfur transported; as of September 2012, the typical daily earnings were equivalent to approximately $ 8 US. The miners break the cooled material into large pieces and carry it away in baskets. Miners must carry loads, which range from 75 kilograms (170 lb) to 90 kilograms (200 lb), up 300 metres (980 ft) to the crater rim, with a gradient of 45 to 60 degrees and then 3 kilometers (1.86 miles) down the mountain for weighing. The miners often use insufficient protection while working around the volcano and complain of numerous respiratory afflictions. There are 200 miners, who extract 14 tons per day or only 20 percent of the continuous daily deposit.

Saturday, November 30, 2013

Indonesia Volcano Eruption

Mount Sinabung

Last known eruption on 1600 then wake up and active again on Augustus – September 2010 with Vulcanian eruption type. this just simple update about Indonesia Volcanoes eruption on November 2013
Mount Sinabung, locate at north Sumatera on November 24,2013 has raised to Warning – Level IV (awas) after 18 times continues eruption and evacuate more than 1000o people living near of this Volcano.
this is small history of Sinabung Volcano
August 27, 2010 Small plume with white smoke coming out from the old crater
August 29, 2010 Sinabung made explosive eruption also produce of Ash, Lava, and Pyroclastics
September 03,2010 Have 2 times eruption with ash plume 3 km into the sky and also earth quake tremor feel about 25 km from the Volcano
September 07,2010 eruption again with ash plume about 5000 m and after this, Mount Sinabung just have small white smoke
September 15,2013 Gunung Sinabung Eruption again, produce of Ash Plume and also pyroclatics Flow
November 24,2013 Gunung Sinabung Eruption again, produce of Ash Plume 18 times erupted and raised to Level IV – Warning (Awas)
another Indonesia Volcano eruption is Mount Merapi in central Java, on November 18,2013 made spewing ash plume about 2 km up this is phreatic Eruption, and Mount Rokatenda known as Paluweh Volcano locate in flores, East Indonesia my local contact reported the Lava Dome has growing again and potential to eruption again. some time at night can see fire on Peak of the Volcano.

How to Visit Bali, Indonesia.

VISA Application at Indonesia Embassies or Consulates

bali-island-tour
water activities
Other visitors must apply for visa at Indonesia Embassies or Consulates in their home country. In addition, the visa cannot be replaced with any other immigration letters. The visa shall then be administered by Visa Officer in the presence of the applicant concerned.

You may find information on Indonesia embassies and consulates contact details at the Ministry of Foreign Affair office.

Free entry visa is also provided to delegates registered in a conference that is officially held. In addition, tourist visa can be obtained from every Indonesian Embassy or Consulate. You can visit Indonesia through certain means and gates, by air via Jakarta, Bali, Medan, Manado, Biak, Ambon, Surabaya and Batam; by sea via Semarang, Jakarta, Bali, Pontianak, Balikpapan, Tanjung Pinang and Kupang. Maximum stay in Indonesia is two months.

Entry ports where visa-on-arrival may be issued are:
The Soekarno-Hatta airport in Jakarta, Ngurah Rai airport in Bali, Sultan Syarif Hasim airport in Pekanbaru, Tabing airport in Padang, Juanda airport of Surabaya and the Sam Ratulangi airport in Manado. Authorized seaports are Batam, the Sekupang, Batuampar, Nongsa, Marina, Teluk Senimba, Bandar Brintan, Talani Lagoi and Bandar Sri Udana Labon in the Riau archipelago, Sri Bintan Pura in Tanjung Pinang, Belawan port and Sibolga in North Sumatra, Yos Sudarso Tanjung Perak in Surabaya, Teluk Bayur of Padang, Tanjung Priok at Jakarta, Padang Bai and Benoa in Bali, the port of Jayapura, Bitung, Tanjung Balai Karimun, Tanjung Mas in Central Java, Tenua and Maumere in East Nusa Tenggara, Pare-Pare and Soekarno Hatta port in South Sulawesi.
A passport valid for at least six months from date or arrival, plus proof (tickets) onward or return passage, are all it takes to visit Indonesia.

Free Tourist Visa

Free Tourist visas of 30 days are available for tourists from the 12 countries, namely Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei Darussalam, Philippines, Hong Kong S A R, Macao S A R, Chile, Morocco, Peru, Vietnam and Equador.

Visa on Arrival (VOA)

VOA is valid for 30 days and may be extended under certain circumstances, namely: 1. Occurrence of natural disasters , 2. Should the visitor fall ill or involve in an accident. VOA are available to visitors from: Australia, Argentina, Brazil, Denmark, Canada, Finland, France, Germany,Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Norway, Poland, South Africa, South Korea, Switzerland, New Zealand, Taiwan, the United Arab Emirates, the United States of America, Austria, Belgium, India, Ireland, Kuwait, Luxemburg, Maldives, Egypt, Oman, Portuguese, Qatar, The People of Republic China, Russian, Saudi Arabian, Spain, Bahrain, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Cyprus, Estonia, Greece , Iran, Iceland, Laos PDR, Liechtenstein, Malta, Mexico, Monaco, Nederland, Suriname, Sweden, Aljazair, Czechoslovakia, Fiji, Latvia, Libya, Lithuania, Panama, Slovakia, Slovenia, Rumania, Tunisia.

Customs

Maximum items allowed by customs when you visit Indonesia:
- 1 liter of alcoholic beverages
- 200 cigarettes OR 50 cigars OR 100 grams of tobacco
- Reasonable amount of perfume per adult, meaning if you arrive drenched in perfume the customs probably will not mind you carrying loads of bottles.

Cameras, video cameras, portable radios, cassette recorders, binoculars and sport equipments are admitted provided they are taken out on departure. They must be declared to Customs.

You are prohibited to carry:
- Firearms
- Narcotics drugs
- Pornography materials
- Chinese printing and medicines
- Transceivers and cordless telephone

Films, pre-recorded video tapes, laser discs, VCDs, DVDs must be screened by Censor Board.

Import or export of foreign currencies and travelers’ checks are allowed. However, the import and export of Indonesia currency, exceeding 100 million Rupiah is prohibited.

Further information on customs and taxes in Indonesia,